G.R.I.
General Rate Increase.
GATT
General Agreement on Tariff and Trade.An international multilateral agreement embodying a code of practice for fair trading in
international commerce.
international commerce.
General Average
General average is an unwritten, non-statutory, international maritime law which is universally recognized and applied. It is
founded on the principle that vessel and goods are parties to the same venture and share exposure to the same perils, which
may require sacrifice or the incurring of extraordinary expense on the part of one for the benefit of the whole venture. It is an
arrangement which will be applied when the vessel is encountering serious accidents caused by force majeure.
founded on the principle that vessel and goods are parties to the same venture and share exposure to the same perils, which
may require sacrifice or the incurring of extraordinary expense on the part of one for the benefit of the whole venture. It is an
arrangement which will be applied when the vessel is encountering serious accidents caused by force majeure.
Genset (Generator Set)
A portable power generator, which converts fuel into electrical power by mechanical means, and from which a reefer draws
power. A clip-on generator set is mounted to the front of the refrigeration unit. An underslung generator set is mounted to the
chassis upon which the reefer is mounted for handling and transport. The underslung generator set can be either side-mounted
or center-mounted on the chassis.
power. A clip-on generator set is mounted to the front of the refrigeration unit. An underslung generator set is mounted to the
chassis upon which the reefer is mounted for handling and transport. The underslung generator set can be either side-mounted
or center-mounted on the chassis.
Gooseneck
The front rails of the chassis that raise above the plane of the chassis and engage in the tunnel of a container.
Gross Tonnage
Applies to vessels, not to cargo.Determined by dividing by 100 the contents, in cubic feet, of the vessel's closed-in spaces. A
vessel ton is 100 cubic feet.
vessel ton is 100 cubic feet.
Gross Weight
Entire weight of goods, packaging and container, ready for shipment.
Hague Rules
1924 International Convention on Carriage of Goods by Sea. These rules govern liability for loss or damage to goods carried by
sea under a bill of lading.
sea under a bill of lading.
Hague-Visby Rules
1968 Revision of Hague Rules.
Hamburg Rules
In March 1978 an international conference in Hamburg adopted a new set of rules (The Hamburg Rules), which radically alter
the liability which shipowners have to bear for loss or damage to goods in the courts of those nations where the rules apply.
the liability which shipowners have to bear for loss or damage to goods in the courts of those nations where the rules apply.
Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System
A multi-purpose international goods-classification for manufacturers.Transporters, exporters, importers, customs officials,
statisticians, and others in classifying goods moving in international trade under a single commodity code. Developed under the
auspices of the Customs Cooperations Council (CCC), an international customs organization in Brussels, this code is a
hierarchically structured product nomenclature containing approximately 5,000 headings and subheadings describing the
articles moving in international trade. It is organized into 99 chapters arranged in 22 sections. Sections encompass an industry [
(e.g., Section XI, Textiles and Textile Articles); chapters encompass the various materials and products of the industry (e.g.:
Chapter 50, Silk; Chapter 55, Manmade Staple Fibres; Chapter 57, Carpets).] The basic code contains four-digit headings and
six-digit subheadings. (The U.S. will add digits for tariff and statistical purposes. In the U.S., duty rates will be the 8-digit level;
statistical suffixes will be at the 10-digit level.
statisticians, and others in classifying goods moving in international trade under a single commodity code. Developed under the
auspices of the Customs Cooperations Council (CCC), an international customs organization in Brussels, this code is a
hierarchically structured product nomenclature containing approximately 5,000 headings and subheadings describing the
articles moving in international trade. It is organized into 99 chapters arranged in 22 sections. Sections encompass an industry [
(e.g., Section XI, Textiles and Textile Articles); chapters encompass the various materials and products of the industry (e.g.:
Chapter 50, Silk; Chapter 55, Manmade Staple Fibres; Chapter 57, Carpets).] The basic code contains four-digit headings and
six-digit subheadings. (The U.S. will add digits for tariff and statistical purposes. In the U.S., duty rates will be the 8-digit level;
statistical suffixes will be at the 10-digit level.
Hatch
The opening in the deck of a vessel which gives access to the cargo hold.
Haulier
The participating carrier responsible for drayage of containers.
Heavy Lift
Articles too heavy to be lifted by a ship's tackle.
Heavy-Lift Charge
A charge made for lifting articles too heavy to be lifted by a ship's tackle.
High Cube (HC or HQ)
Any container which exceeds 8 feet 6 inches (102 inches) in height, usually 9 feet 6 inches.
Hold
It is the part of the ship below decks where the cargo is stored.
House Bill of Lading (HB/L)
Bill of lading issued by a forwarder or an NVOCC operator.
House-to-House (H/H)
See
¡°CY/CY¡±.
¡°CY/CY¡±.
House-to-Pier (H/P)
See
¡°CY/CFS¡±.
¡°CY/CFS¡±.
Hull
The body of a vessel exclusive of masts, yards, sails, rigging, machinery and equipment.
Hull Underwriter
The person with whom the ship hull, machinery apparel, and tackle is insured.
I.M.C.O.
International Maritime Consultative Organization.A forum in which most major maritime nations participate and through which
recommendations for the carriage of dangerous goods, bulk commodities and maritime regulations become internationally
acceptable.
recommendations for the carriage of dangerous goods, bulk commodities and maritime regulations become internationally
acceptable.
I P I
Interior Points Intermodal. A term used by ocean carriers to describe door-to-door delivery service.
I.T.
In Transit Document (Form 7512) issued by a licensed Customs Broker which allows U.S. Customs to monitor in bond
shipments moving in the U.S.
shipments moving in the U.S.
IMDG Code
International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code.The IMCO recommendations for the carriage of dangerous goods by sea.
Import
To bring in goods from a foreign country.
Import Licence
A document required and issued by some national governments authorizing the importation of goods into their individual
countries.
countries.
Import Permit
Usually required for items that might affect the public health, morals, animal life, vegetation, etc. Examples include foodstuffs,
feedstuffs, pharmaceuticals (human and veterinary), medical equipment, seeds, plants and various written material (including
tapes, cassettes, movies, TV tapes or TV movies). In some countries an import permit is the same as an import licence.
feedstuffs, pharmaceuticals (human and veterinary), medical equipment, seeds, plants and various written material (including
tapes, cassettes, movies, TV tapes or TV movies). In some countries an import permit is the same as an import licence.
In Bond
A term, which indicates that an imported shipment was not cleared by Customs at the border, and is moving under a surety
bond.
bond.
In Transit
In passage from one place to another.
Inbound
Inward bound. Direction of vessel or cargo going to port of discharge or final destination.
Incoterm
s
s
Incoterms are a set of uniform rules codifying the interpretation of trade terms defining the rights and obligation of both buyer
and seller in an international transaction, thereby enabling an otherwise complex basis for a sale contract to be accomplished
in three letters. Incoterms are drafted by the International Chamber of Commerce.
and seller in an international transaction, thereby enabling an otherwise complex basis for a sale contract to be accomplished
in three letters. Incoterms are drafted by the International Chamber of Commerce.
Inland Clearance
Depot
Depot
A CFS with Customs Clearance Facilities.
Insulated Container
A container insulated on the walls, roof, floor and doors, to reduce the effect of external temperatures on the cargo.
Insulated Tank Container
The frame of a container constructed to hold one or more thermally insulated tanks for liquids.
Interchange
Transfer of a container from one party to another.
Intermodal
Pertaining to transportation involving more than one form of carrier: truck, ship and rail.
Intermodal Transport
Moving ocean freight containers by various transportation modes. The fact that the containers are of the same size and have
common handling characteristics permits them to be transferred from truck to railroad to air carrier to ocean carrier.
common handling characteristics permits them to be transferred from truck to railroad to air carrier to ocean carrier.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
ISO is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies from some 130 countries, one from each country. It is a
non-governmental organization established in 1947 to promote the development of standardization facilitating international
trade. ISO's work results in international agreements which are published as International Standards.
non-governmental organization established in 1947 to promote the development of standardization facilitating international
trade. ISO's work results in international agreements which are published as International Standards.
Invoice
Documentation supplying Customs with the type of goods, quantity, price of each type and terms of sale. The type of invoice
required is determined by the shipment¡¯s value.
required is determined by the shipment¡¯s value.
Keel
The main center-line structural member, running fore and aft along the bottom of a ship, sometimes referred to as the backbone.
Knot
A unit of speed. The term knot means velocity in nautical miles per hour whether of a vessel or current. One nautical mile is
roughly equivalent to 1.15 statute miles or 1.85 kilometers.
roughly equivalent to 1.15 statute miles or 1.85 kilometers.
L.C.L.
Less than Container Load. Cargo in quantity less than required for the application of a container load rate.
LCL/FCL
See
¡°CFS/CY¡±.
¡°CFS/CY¡±.
LCL/LCL
See
¡°CFS/CFS¡±.
¡°CFS/CFS¡±.
Lashing
Support for cargoes inside a container or a cargo hold to ensure that they are secured and will not be subject to rolling during
the voyage from origin to destination.
the voyage from origin to destination.
Late-Come
It is a term used in the liner industry when extensions are being given to the shippers against the official CY or CFS Closing date
and time which carriers publish to the trade.
and time which carriers publish to the trade.
Letter of Indemnity
Guarantee from the shipper or consignee to indemnify carriers or forwarders for costs and/or loss, if any, in order to obtain
favourable action by carriers or forwarders. It is customary practice for carries and forwarders to demand letters of indemnity
from consignees for taking delivery of cargoes without surrendering bill of lading which has been delayed or is lost.
favourable action by carriers or forwarders. It is customary practice for carries and forwarders to demand letters of indemnity
from consignees for taking delivery of cargoes without surrendering bill of lading which has been delayed or is lost.
Lien
A legal claim upon goods for the satisfaction of some debt or duty.
Lift-On/Lift-Off (LO-LO)
A container ship onto which containers are lifted by crane.
Lighter
An open or covered barge towed by a tugboat and used mainly in harbours and inland waterways.
Lighterage
Refers to the carriage of cargoes by lighter and the charge assessed therefore.
Liner
Vessel plying a regular trade/defined route against a published sailing schedule.
Liner Terms
Freight includes the cost of loading onto and discharging from the vessel.
Lloyds'
Registry
Registry
An organization maintained for the surveying and classing of ships so that insurance underwriters and others may know the
quality and condition of the vessels offered for insurance or employment.
quality and condition of the vessels offered for insurance or employment.
Load
Factor
Factor
Percent of loaded containers against total capacity of vessel or allocation.
Locking Bar
Device that secures container doors at top and bottom.
Long Ton
2,240 pounds.
Longshorema
n
n
Workers employed in the terminals or quays to load and unload ships. They are also known as ¡°Stevedores¡±. Loop A
particular service of any Consortium or Carrier among various ports of calls, with the objective of creating a niche in the market
for the first port of discharge.
particular service of any Consortium or Carrier among various ports of calls, with the objective of creating a niche in the market
for the first port of discharge.
Loose
Without packing.
Low-Bed
A trailer or semi-trailer with no sides and with the floor of the unit close to the ground.
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