D & H
Dangerous and Hazardous. Also see Dangerous Goods.
DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid)
In DDU, shipper clears the goods for export and is responsible for making them available to the buyer at the named place of
destination, not cleared for import.
destination, not cleared for import.
DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)
In DDP, shipper clears the goods for export and is responsible for making them available to the buyer at the named place of
destination, cleared for import, paid duty and tax
destination, cleared for import, paid duty and tax
Dangerous Goods
The term used by I.M.C.O. for hazardous materials which are capable of posing a significant risk to health, safety or property
while being transported.
while being transported.
Dead Space
Space in a car, truck, vessel, etc., that is not utilized.
Deadweight (D.W.)
The number of tons of cargoes, stores and bunker fuel a ship can carry and transport. Also see Deadweight Tonnage.
Deadweight Tonnage (D/W)
The number of total weight tons of cargoes, stores and bunker fuel that a vessel can carry and transport. It is the difference
between the number of tons of water a vessel displaces light and the number of tons it displaces when submerged to the load
line.
between the number of tons of water a vessel displaces light and the number of tons it displaces when submerged to the load
line.
Dedicated Unit Train
An unit train operated by various railroads for exclusive usage.
Delivery Order
A document authorizing delivery to a nominated party of cargoes in the care of a third party. The document is issued by a carrier
or a forwarder on surrender of a bill of lading and then used by the merchant to transfer title by endorsement.
or a forwarder on surrender of a bill of lading and then used by the merchant to transfer title by endorsement.
Demurrage
Detention of a freight vehicle or container beyond a stipulated time.
Destination
The place where the carrier or the forwarder actually turns over the cargo or container to consignee or his agent. It may also be
termed ¡° Final Destination¡±.
termed ¡° Final Destination¡±.
Destination Delivery Charge (DDC)
A charge assessed by the carrier for the handling of a full container at destinations. The term is more commonly used in the
U.S.A. trade.
U.S.A. trade.
Detention (Demurrage)
Charges raised by the carrier or the forwarder for detaining container/trailer at customer premises for a period longer than that
provided in the Tariff of the carrier or the forwarder.
provided in the Tariff of the carrier or the forwarder.
Detention Charge
See Detention.
Devanning
The removal of cargo from a container. Also known as unstuffing, unloading or stripping.
Differential Rate
An amount added or deducted from base rate to make a rate to or from some other point or via another route.
Diversion
A change made in the route of a shipment in transit.
Divert
The route of a shipment changed in transit from that shown on the original billing. Used interchangeably with reconsign.
Dock
(a) The water alongside a pier or wharf. (b) Loading or unloading platform at an industrial location or carrier terminal.
Dock Receipt
A document used to acknowledge receipt of cargo or container at a CFS or a CY or a Container Terminal. When delivery of an
expert shipment is completed, the dock receipt is surrendered to the vessel operator or the operator's agent in exchange for the
ocean or house bill of lading.
expert shipment is completed, the dock receipt is surrendered to the vessel operator or the operator's agent in exchange for the
ocean or house bill of lading.
Domestic
Within your own country.
Door-to-Door
Through transportation of a container and its cargoes from consignor's premises to consignee's premises.
Double-deck Load
A second tier of cargo placed on top of the first tier.
Double Stack Train (DST)
Rail or train capable of carrying two 40' containers, one on top of the other.
Dray
A truck or other equipment designed to haul heavy loads.
Drayage
Charge made for local hauling by dray or truck; road transportation between the nearest OceanPort or Railway terminal and the
stuffing/destuffing place.
stuffing/destuffing place.
Dry Cargo
Cargo that does not require temperature control.
Dry Dock
An enclosed basin into which a ship is taken for underwater cleaning and repairing. It is fitted with watertight entrance gates
which when closed permit the dock to be pumped dry.
which when closed permit the dock to be pumped dry.
Dry-Bulk Container
A container constructed to carry grain, powder and other free-flowing solids in bulk.
Dunnage
Lumber or other material used to brace materials in carrier's equipment or containers.
Dwell Time
It is expressed in terms of number of days that a container changed from one status to another, e.g., from inbound load to empty
available to outbound load. The shorter the dwell time, the more efficient the container utilization will be.
available to outbound load. The shorter the dwell time, the more efficient the container utilization will be.
Empty Depot
A container yard used for the storage of empty containers.
En route
Along the route of movement.
ETA
Estimated time of arrival of carriers.
ETD
Estimated time of departure of carriers.
Ex Works
An INCOTERMS term of sale in which the buyer is responsible for taking delivery of the goods at the premises of the factory.Also
known as ¡°F.C.A.¡±
known as ¡°F.C.A.¡±
Exchange Rate
The ratio of prices at which the currencies of nations are exchanged at a particular time.
Export
Shipment of goods to another country.
Export Declaration
A government document permitting designated goods to be shipped out of the country.
FAF
Fuel Adjustment Factor.An ancillary charge on ocean freight shipments to account for fluctuations in fuel costs.
FAK
Freight All Kind. A system whereby freight is charged per container, irrespective of the nature of the cargoes, and not according
to a Tariff. FAS Free Alongside Ship. An INCOTERMS term of sale in which the buyer is responsible for all charges of the
transportation of the cargoes after they arrive at the side of the ship. It is not a commonly-used term of sale in international trade
today.
to a Tariff. FAS Free Alongside Ship. An INCOTERMS term of sale in which the buyer is responsible for all charges of the
transportation of the cargoes after they arrive at the side of the ship. It is not a commonly-used term of sale in international trade
today.
FAST (Free and Secure Trade)
A joint Canada/US border security agreement, of which C-TPAT and PIP are the main initiatives.
FBT
Full Berth Terms.Indicates that the cost of loading and discharge is included in the steamship rate quoted. Ship owner pays
these.
these.
FCA
Free Carrier. See
¡°Ex-Works¡±
¡°Ex-Works¡±
FCL
Full Container Load. It is an arrangement whereby the shipper packs cargoes into a container provided by the carrier or the
forwarder before delivering to the container terminal.
forwarder before delivering to the container terminal.
FEU
Forty foot (40¡¯) Equivalent Unit. Commonly describes a 40- foot container.
FIO
Free In and Out. It is a term used in ship-chartering whereby the owner of the ship is not responsible for any charges incurred in
the ports of loading or unloading.
the ports of loading or unloading.
FOB
Free On Board. It is an INCOTERMS term of sale where the seller of the cargoes are responsible for all charges of the
transportation of the cargoes all the way up to their arrival on board the ship. It includes all charges of carriers or forwarders
levied at the port of loading.
transportation of the cargoes all the way up to their arrival on board the ship. It includes all charges of carriers or forwarders
levied at the port of loading.
FCL/FCL
See
¡°CY/CY¡±.
¡°CY/CY¡±.
FCL/LCL
See
¡°CY/CFS¡±.
¡°CY/CFS¡±.
Feeder Vessel
A vessel employed in normally short-sea routes to fetch or carry cargoes and containers to and from ocean-going vessels from
the principle port hubs in a region to the minor ports.
the principle port hubs in a region to the minor ports.
FEU
Forty-foot Equivalent Unit (40' or 2 TEUs)
Final Destination
The place where the carrier or the forwarder actually turns over the container or cargo to the consignee of its agent. It is the end
of liability of carriers or forwarders.
of liability of carriers or forwarders.
Flash Point
A temperature that when certain inflammable cargo reaches will trigger spontaneous ignition. It is an IMCO standard information
requirement for dangerous goods.
requirement for dangerous goods.
FMC
Federal Maritime Commission.US Government Agency responsible for the regulation of all maritime activities.
Force Majeure
Force of nature. Accidents or incidents caused by the force of nature which are beyond the power of people to control.
Foreign Exchange
Controls
Controls
Government restrictions on the use of currency, bank drafts or other payment types to regulate imports, exports and trade
balances.
balances.
Free Along Side (FAS)
A basis of pricing meaning the price of goods alongside a transport vessel at a specified location. The buyer is responsible for
loading the goods onto the transport vessel and paying all the cost of shipping beyond that location.
loading the goods onto the transport vessel and paying all the cost of shipping beyond that location.
Free On Board (FOB)
An acronym for ¡°free on board¡± when used in a sales contract. The seller agrees to deliver merchandise, free of all
transportation expense, to the place specified by the contract. Once delivery is complete, the title to all the goods and the risk of
damage become the buyer¡¯s.
transportation expense, to the place specified by the contract. Once delivery is complete, the title to all the goods and the risk of
damage become the buyer¡¯s.
F.O.B Origin
¡°F.O.B. Origin¡± means that title and risk pass to the buyer at the moment of the seller¡¯s delivery to the carrier. The
parties may agree to have title and risk pass at a different time or to allocate freight charges by a written agreement.
parties may agree to have title and risk pass at a different time or to allocate freight charges by a written agreement.
F.O.B. Destination
¡°F.O.B. Destination¡± changes the location where title and risk pass. Under this arrangement, title and risk remain with the
seller until they have delivered the freight to the delivery location specified in the contract.
seller until they have delivered the freight to the delivery location specified in the contract.
Free Storage Period (FSP)
A carrier offers a period of time, normally three to five days, at destinations whereby imported containers or cargoes are allowed
to be taken delivery by consignees free of any storage charge. After the FSP, there will be an overtime storage charge or
demurrage levied by the carriers to the consignee. When bulk shipments are involved, the carriers are prepared to negotiate a
longer FSP with the consignees.
to be taken delivery by consignees free of any storage charge. After the FSP, there will be an overtime storage charge or
demurrage levied by the carriers to the consignee. When bulk shipments are involved, the carriers are prepared to negotiate a
longer FSP with the consignees.
Freight
(a) The price paid to the carrier for the transportation of goods or merchandise by sea or air from one place to another. (b)
Freight is also used to denote goods which are in the process of being transported from one place to another.
Freight is also used to denote goods which are in the process of being transported from one place to another.
Freight Collect
The freight and charges agreed by the shipper and carrier is payable at destination.
Freight Forwarder
A freight forwarder combines less-than-truckload (LTL) or less-than-carload (LCL) shipments into carload or truckload lots.
Freight forwarders are designated as common carriers. They also issue bills of lading and accept responsibility for cargo. The
term may also refer to the company that fills railroad trains with trailers.
Freight forwarders are designated as common carriers. They also issue bills of lading and accept responsibility for cargo. The
term may also refer to the company that fills railroad trains with trailers.
Freight Prepaid
Freight and charges are required to be paid by a shipper before an original bill of lading is released.
Fresh Air Exchange (FAE)
The fresh air exchange system in a reefer container which removes harmful gases from reefers carrying sensitive perishable
commodities. The fresh air vent is located on the reefer machinery at the end of the container. The fresh air vent is adjustable to
accommodate a variety of cargo and chilled load operating conditions. The fresh air vent should be tightly closed when carrying
frozen cargo.
commodities. The fresh air vent is located on the reefer machinery at the end of the container. The fresh air vent is adjustable to
accommodate a variety of cargo and chilled load operating conditions. The fresh air vent should be tightly closed when carrying
frozen cargo.
Full Cellular Ship
A ship fitted for container carriage in all available space. The ship is fitted with vertical cells for container placement both below
and above deck. No provisions are available for cargo other than containers.
and above deck. No provisions are available for cargo other than containers.
Fumigation
Treatment of cargoes with a pesticide-active ingredient that is a gas under treatment conditions. It is a process required by
many importing countries for the importation of wood and related products.
many importing countries for the importation of wood and related products.
Functional Currency
The currency of the primary economic environment of and entity. For ODFL, this is US Dollars.
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